To create a sustainable society in the future, new courses of study introduced in Japan in 2020 emphasize the need to develop (1) knowledge and skills, (2) the ability to think, judge, and express oneself, and (3) the ability to move toward learning and deepened humanity. Unlike memorizing mathematical formulas and historical events, such knowledge and skills cannot be exercised unless the students can determine what actions will lead to creating a “sustainable society.” Besides, the conditions under which a society becomes “sustainable” vary from situation to situation, and there is no clear-cut rule of “what to teach in what subject.” This means that there is no right answer that is easy to understand for both students and teachers. The courses of study are interspersed throughout the curriculum guidelines that require students to make decisions in response to various situations. (Read more from below link)